Banaras
Hindu University and the Kashmiri Pandits
By G.K.
Gurtu
The
very mention of the Banaras
Hindu University (B.H.U.) brings the name of Mahamana Pt. Madan Mohan Malaviya
(b.
25-12-1861
d.
12-11-1946) to the fore. The University was his brain-child. So when he unfolded
his plan among his friends and well-wishers to establish a Hindu University
which will provide good education, build up character and imbibe religious and
ethical values among young men and women, it was well-received. People from
different walks of life extended their unconditional support whole-heartedly and
came forward voluntarily to offer all help.
Money,
as is well known, is the first and the foremost requirement of any enterprise.
In this case, however, it was to the tune of ‘“a crore of rupees”. How to
arrange this mind-boggling amount and from where became the burning issue of the
moment. To overcome this hurdle and solve the problem, it was proposed that
people, dedicated to the cause of selfless service, should undertake tours,
organize public meeting and create an awakening so that people come forward to
contribute. Consequently, an appeal was made, the Hindu University Society for
funds was formed, deputations were sent out covering the length and breadth of
the country, and finally, people from common men to the kings were approached
for subscription heralding the start of the project.
The
Kashmiri Pandits settled in Utter Pradesh who utilized their spare time, money
and energy in acts of philanthropy, charity, social and religious services which
included donating money for schools, awarding scholarships, providing free board
and lodging to out-station students, giving financial aid to the needy,
distributing free medicine, building temples etc., did not lag behind. It may be
out of place but tempting to cite a few examples here in passing. Pt. Sunder
Narain Mushran of Kanpur
donated thirty Bighas (twelve acres) of land besides a handsome amount of
rupees ten thousand/for a school in Tehsil Kaim Gunj, District Farrukhabad in
1914. It was upgraded in 1971 and is known as S.N. Mushran Degree College. Pt.
Prithvi Nath Chak, a distinguished lawyer, a philanthropist and an educationist
of Kanpur, started a school in Patkapur Mohalla in the latter part of the
nineteenth century but shifted it to its present site after purchasing the land
along with the building on it from the Govt. It progressed, expanded and
attained present position in 1959. The college, known as P.P.N. Degree College,
Kanpur, is an outstanding memorial of his contribution to education. A statue in
the Collectorate Compound, Kanpur
proclaims his all-round greatness. Pt. Sartaj Narain Gurtu, son of Pt. Maharaj
Narain Gurtu (Allahabad) my grand uncle, donated an amount of rupees one
thousand and sixty to Nari Shiksha Niketan Girls’ College, Lucknow in 1966 in
the name of my grand mother as ‘Sm(. Mohan Rani Gurtu Scholarship’ with the
stipulation that the interest received from the fixed deposit be given to a poor
Hindu girl every month. The Kashmiri Samaj, Lucknow
operates Pt. Brij Narain Chakbast education fund. Pt. Raj Kishan Langar donated
rupees one lakh to the Lucknow
Montessory School, Purana Qila. Lucknow
in 1991 where his wife Smt. Roop Kumari Langar nee Chakbast, my cousin, was a
teacher for building a Library Hall to perpetuate her memory. There is a gold
medal in the name of Kumari Munni Gurtu donated by her father in her memory to
be awarded by the
University
of Allahabad to the Kashmiri girl securing highest marks in B.A. Exams. Pt. Sham
Narain Gurtu (Allahabad), son of Pt. Kundan Lal Gurtu my great grand - uncle,
Tehsildar, tehsil Chhata, district Mathura and a poet (Bahar-e-Gulshan-e-Kashmir,
Vol.1) by hobby, distributed free homeopathic medicines. Pt. Iqbal Shankar
Kaul son of PL Gauri Shankar Kaul, (Hardoi), my maternal grand father, after
retiring from U.P. Govt. Service, Lucknow, gave home-made Aurvedic medicines
free. Pt. Jagat Narain Chakbast, father of Smt. Roop Kumari Langar, after
retiring from UP. Govt. service, Lucknow
and Pt. Chandra Mohan Nath Kunzru of Agra
also gave free homeopathic medicines. His father Pt Raj Nath Kunzru provided
free board and lodging to outside Kashmiri boys. Major Shivnandan Lal Dar of
B.H.U. invited Kashmiri boys living in hostels to his residence to enquire about
their welfare and problems and entertained them with home-made food. Pt. Zind
Ram Chaudhary Tankha, a Bakshi in the Court of Nawab Asaf-ud-Daulah
(1775-97) built a Shiv temple known as Bada Shivala in Rani Katra,
Lucknow in I 778. It also has life-size idol of Ma Raagyyan Bhagwati. It
is famous as Sankata Devi Ka Mandir among local non - Kashmiris. So, when
the present opportunity came, the Kashmiri Pandits came forward and offered
their services. An attempt is made here to highlight and assess their role in
this noble venture.
Pt.
Parmeshwar Nath Sapru will always be remembered for his yeoman’s services. He
played a prominent role in fund-raising campaigns. His services were sought
after for this purpose. As one of the Secretaries of the District Collection
Committee, Faizabad, he visited many places from time to time. If he visited
Tanda and Akbarpur and Goshain Gunj and Bhitti at local level for subscription
he accompanied the Deputation to places as far as Amritsar and Rawalpindi.
Shortage of finances being a perennial problem with the B.H.U. in the early
stages of its existence his services were requisitioned as late as 1920, when he
joined the Committee constituted to raise funds to expedite some important and
urgent construction work.
Pt.
Iqbal Narain Gurtu, son of Pt. Inder Narain Gurtu, a Sub-judge, Allahabad
occupies a very dominant place in the affairs of the University. He was a
fund-raiser, a professor and an administrator. He was working as the Headmaster
of the Central Hindu School, Banaras when he volunteered his services for
fund-raising campaigns during summer vacations. In spite of his delicate
physique he braved the summer heat to undertake the tours. He visited many
places organizing public meetings at local level. He opened his account in
selfless service with a public meeting at Kheri on
21-5-1911.
It was attended by well-known and influential people of the area in a very large
number. The tours were highly successful. It goes to his credit that the
subscription was “One lakh and five thousand rupees in seven weeks”.
Rai
Bahadur Pt. Bisheshwar Nath Hangal, a lawyer of Faizabad, a prosperous
Zamindar of Akbarpur and a social activist was instrumental in organizing
successful public meetings of people with influence and well-known in the area
for subscription. A unique feature of the public meeting at Darbhanga (Bihar)
held for subscription was a very inspiring poem read by Pt. Brij Narain Chakbast,
a reputed lawyer and a renowned poet, prompting the Chairman to give rupees One
hundred and twenty five to the poet in appreciation of the poem. The poet
donated it besides his own contribution. Pt. Prithvi Nath Takru and Pt. Janaki
Nath Chak of Lucknow,
a pleader and the younger brother of Pt. Prithvi Nath Chak, contributed rupees
One thousand and One hundred and rupees One thousand respectively. Rai Bahadur
Pt. Vishwa Nath Tholal, a well-known figure of Kanpur also came forward and lent
his services towards fund-raising campaign. In spite of inclement weather he
accompanied the members of the District Committee, Kanpur to Tehsil Bilhaur for
subscription. The meeting at Almora was presided over by Pt. Bishun Narain Dar
who made a forceful plea for donation. He was a successful barrister of Lucknow,
a great orator, a political thinker, a social reformer, a well known writer and
a Urdu poet, the President of India National Congress (1911) and member of the
Victory’s Legislative Council (1914). He raised a storm of protest which divided
the community into Dharam Sabha (Conservatives) and Bishun Sabha
(Progressives) groups when he sailed to London (l884-87) to study Law. Thus when
the found collection drive which began from Kheri and came to a close by the end
of-Nov. 1912 the amount collected in cash as well as the subscription promised
combined together crossed the figure of rupees sixty-seven lakhs.
Encouraged by this spontaneous response another campaign for the subscription of
funds was undertaken after some time with the main difference that whereas in
the earlier campaign common men were contacted, in the latter the
Princely States were covered. The result was as expected .Money rained-in in the
form of actual cash, promises of cash, recurring and non -recurring annual
grants etc. Dewan Pt. Daya Kishan Kaul of Alwar State was among the notable
Kashmiri Pandits to promise a handsome amount of donation of rupees twenty-five
thousand towards the University fund.
The
next phase which began with the preparation and presentation of the Draft
Constitution of the proposed University to the Hon’ble Member for Education for
consideration and approval and covered activities like enactment of the B.H.U
Act (Act No XVI of 1915) , merger of Central Hindu School and Central Hindu
College with the B.H.U., search for the site, acquiring of the land, laying of
the foundation-stone of the building by the Viceroy and the Governor-General and
ended with the establishment and functioning of the University from the academic
session of 1917, found the Kashmiri Pandits once again in the vanguard. They
participated with the same zeal and candour as shown by them earlier. This can
be said to begin with Rai Bahadur Pt. Maharaj Narayan Shivpuri joining the above
mentioned historical Deputation as one of its member and continued when they
became a part of the administrative set-up as well as teaching staff along with
others. A few of them shouldered additional responsibilities besides being a
teacher. It continued even after that and draws them to B.H.U. even now. A
unique feature, however, was that quite a few of this generation of Kashmiri
Pandits offered to and actually did serve the B.H.U. in an honorary capacity.
When
the
University Court
was constituted Dewan Bahadur Pt. Daya Kishan Kaul, Foreign and Financial
Secretary, Patiala State was nominated by His Highness the Maharaja of Alwar
from among class II- Donors and Their Representatives Category. Another member
of the Court under the above category was Pt. Raghunandan Lal Dar. He was a
public-spirited officer who rose to become Deputy Collector. He was made
Administrator Nagar Palika, Banaras
(now Varanasi). He was an Honorary Railway Magistrate class I for life .The
title of ‘Rai Saheb’ was bestowed upon him. He was nominated by the Maharaja
Hari Singh of Jammu & Kashmir and he participated in the proceedings of the
Court as his representative. Dr. Bal Krishna Kaul, Lahore, who was at that time,
among others, on the Board of Trustees of the Central Hindu College, Banaras,
was elected as a member of the First
Court
under class III- Elected Category.
Pt.
Gopi Nath Kunzru, a lawyer from Allahabad and the younger brother of Pt. Hriday
Nath Kunzru, joined the B.H.U. as the Secretary to the Vice-Chancellor,
Malaviyaji. He was a member of the Court and the Council etc. during which
period he had to deal with the budget of the University. He was concerned with
the twin problems of revenue deficit and overdraft. He took active part in the
meetings and was forthright in expressing his views on financial matters. He
also served as the legal adviser of the University.
Dr.
Hriday Nath Kunzru, a well-known figure in the field of public service, had a
life-long association with the B.H.U. He was a member of the Court, the Senate
and the Executive Committee. He had the privilege of being a member of the
Senate and the Court of the Universities of Allahabad and Agra also. An avid
reader, a keen observer and a good orator he took active part in the
deliberations. Financial instability of the University was his constant concern
and agitated his mind. He was made a member of the Retrenchment Committee to
explore ways to reduce the expenses and increase the revenue. Later on he was
made a member of the Financial Organisation Committee to find out ways to
increase the income. His presentation was clear, focused and forceful. He had
the privilege of addressing the twenty-sixth annual Convocation in 1943. He was
awarded an honorary degree of Doctor of Letters in 1955 in appreciation of his
services. He was the President of Servants of India Society, Poona, All India
Sewa Samiti,
Allahabad
and Indian Council of World Affairs. He was a member of UP. Assembly and later
on became a member of Rajya Sabha.
Sir Tej
Bahadur Sapru, M.A., LL.D began
his association with the
B.H.U. when he became one
of the First Trustees of the
Society proposed for the Hindu
University, Banaras. Later on, with
the coming-up of the B.H.U. Act
and the dissolution of the
Society, he was made a member of
the Committee Management
to manage the affairs of
the Hindu Girls’ College Society,
Banaras, as a stopgap
arrangement. He, along with Pt. Moti Lal
Nehru, a famous lawyer of
Allahabad, was elected, among
others, a member of the First
Court under class Ill-Elected Category
in 1916 and
participated in the proceedings. His son
Justice P.N. Sapru was also a
member of the Court for a number of
years. Sir Sapru was appointed
in July 1923 as an Honorary
Professor
(Constitution Law and
Jurisprudence) along with P.N. Sapru and
others for a period of two years
by the Council. Sir Sapru was
Dean, Faculty of Law from 1924
to 193 8. An honorary degree of
Doctor of Letters was awarded to
him at the nineteenth annual
Convocation in 1937. He had the
honour of addressing the
twenty-fourth annual
Convocation in 1941. Dr.
Kailash Nath Katju, a leading
lawyer of Allahabad, was, for a
number of years, a member of
the Court. The Council
appointed him in July 1923 as an
Honorary Professor of Law for
a period of two years. In 1950 an
honorary degree of LL.D. was
conferred upon him. He was a
minister in the first Interim
Govt, in UP. and in later life he
served the nation as the Chief
Minister of Madhya Pradesh,
the Home Minister and as the
Defence Minister of India and the
Governor of West Bengal. Pt Manohar
Lal Zutshi was the first
Kashmiri Pandit to serve the B.H.U.
as its Registrar during 1917-18.
He would have continued
for a longer period but had to
leave the post to take up another
assignment. He was appointed
the Principal of Teachers’
Training College, Banaras
when it was established in 1918.
This Principalship was another
first to his credit. His son Pt. B.K.
Zutshi also served the B.H.U as
Assistant Registrar for a number
of years. When Pt. Manohar
Lal Zutshi left, Rai Pt. Brij
Narayan Gurtu stepped in to offer
himself to work as the Registrar
in an honorary capacity in view of
the vacancy and was appointed
on an honorarium of rupee one
per month for a period of five
years. Major
Shivnandan Lal Dar, son of Pt.
Raghunandan Lal Dar, although
he joined the B.H.U. as a
Professor of Philosophy (1929- 51), was
first appointed as Deputy
Registrar and then elevated
to the post of Acting Registrar
in 1955. Later on he adorned
the post of the Registrar from 1956
till his retirement in 1967. He
was made an honorary Major for
life on account of his long
association with N.C.C. The pinnacle
of his career was the monumental
book
History of
The Banaras
Hindu University which he
co-authored in 1966 on the occasion
of its golden jubilee.
Those who
served the Central
Hindu School as its Headmaster
were Pt. K.K. Sukhia (1921-23),
Pt. KL. Kitchlu and Pt. S.N. Wali.
Professor P.N. Razdan served not
only as the Headmaster
of the Central Hindu School,
Banaras but as the Principal
of Teachers’ Training College,
Banaras also. A selfless
and dedicated social
worker of repute and longstanding, Pt. Iqbal
Narain Gurtu was
perhaps the only Kashmiri Pandit who
was associated with the B.H.U.
from the very beginning
of the movement and remained
so all through his active
life spanning four decades.
He left his flourishing legal
practice at Kanpur to serve the cause
of education, thus preferring
a life of austerity and simplicity
over the life of ease and
comfort. His achievements as a
fund-raiser have already been
recorded. He served as the Headmaster
of the Central Hindu School,
Banaras from 1908 to 1913. He
was an Honorary Professor
of History in Central Hindu
College, Banaras. Although
he had served as the
Vice-Chancellor of the University
of Allahabad from 1932 to
1938 he did not hesitate to take up
the post of Pro-Vice-
Chancellor, B.H.U. and served for two
terms from 1940 to 1945. He was a
member of the Court and the
Council. He was elected as an
Honorary Treasurer of the University
in December 1945 for a period
of two years. He exercised
a sobering influence over the
students and was
instrumental in maintaining a fruitful
dialogue and liaison with the
Authorities on the one hand and peace
on the Campus on the other hand
during Quit India moment.
Incidentally, Dr. Moti Lal Dhar,
ex-Director Central Drug
Research Institute, Lucknow
happens to be the only Kashmiri
Pandit to serve as Vice-
Chancellor, B.H.U. from Feb. 1977 to
Dec. 1977 till date.
Pt. Iqbal
Narain Gurtu was one of the
Joint-Secretaries of the
Management Committee of the Hindu
University Society in 1911 and
was a member of various Committees
like the one to effect changes in
the B.H.U. Act & Statutes,
Financial Organisation Committee
etc. He tackled the problem of
graded salary and graded
post, of pension and provident
fund of teachers and other
staff and, of deficit and overdraft
successfully and was able to
present a budget which had
surplus. An honorary degree of Doctor
of Letters was conferred
upon him at the
twenty-seventh annual
Convocation in 1944 in
appreciation and recognition of his
services and had the privilege
of addressing the same
Convocation. A hostel building stands in
his name to immortalize his
memory. A commemoration
volume (Abhinandan
Granth) was
published on his seventysixth birthday
on 25-9-1953. At the
time
of his retirement he donated a
total sum of rupees three
thousand and five hundred for a
scholarship named “Rai Pt. Kishan
Narain Gurtu
Scholarship”. He used to distribute
homeopathic medicines
free of cost. He was the first
President of the Kashmiri
Pandit Association, Banaras in
1946. He took keen interest
in the welfare of the Kashmiri
hostellers and his house was
always open to welcome
them. He was such a noble
soul.
The time
moved on. The
founder-generation, having
accomplished the task assigned to
themby
Baba Vishwanath, faded from
the scene. If
Baba
Vishawanath and the
Holy
Ganga
attracted
the people for spiritual
advancement and
enlightenment, the B.H.U. - the” temple of
learning - attracted the young
for educational advancement and
intellectual
enlightenment. And the Kashmiri Pandits,
being devotees of
Shiv and
blessed by the Goddess
Saraswati,
were no
exception. Varanasi
became their
destination because the B.H.U., unlike
other universities, offered Courses in
numerous technical and
professional subjects like
Engineering, Medicine & Surgery,
Aurveda,
Pharmaceutics, Mining &
Metallurgy, Geology,
Agriculture, Teachers’ Training, Music &
Fine Arts, Theology, Oriental
Learning etc. under one roof.
Smt.
Brij Kumari Hukku was the first
Kashmiri Pandit graduate
from among the first batch of
twenty-six students who
appeared for B.A.(Final) exams, in
1918, and got her degree at
the first Convocation in 1919
from Mrs. Annie Besant
(1847-1933), a great theosophist and an
educationist. However,
with time and need their role
also underwent a
significant change. To illustrate the point,
some of those who joined the
B.H.U. as students opted to
serve it as teachers like Major
Shivnandan Lal Dar, M. A., LL.B.,
the Professor of Philosophy
and later on, the Registrar.
Among others are Dr. P.K. Tikku,
M.Sc, Ph.D., who taught as
Professor of Chemistry.
He was also Dean, Students’
Welfare. Professor S.K. Kak
became a Professor of
Electronics. He was Incharge Computer
Center also. Dr. M.N. Wali,
M.Ed., Ph.D. and a Gold Medalist,
was a Reader in Education
Department. Professor
P.N. Kaula, although a
Librarian, was elevated
to become a Professor of Library
Science and retired as Dean,
Faculty of Library Science. He is
well-known for his scholarly
work on the subject. He became
President, Indian Public
Library Science
Association, Lucknow and lives there.
Pt. T.N. Munshi was assigned
the work of supervision and
maintenance of
Kamachha hostels.
Pt. Dwarika Nath Kaul was the
Office Superintendent in the
University office. Others,
after completing their education
from B.H.U, took up jobs
elsewhere, rose high, made a name and
brought glory to their
Alma
Mater.
One of
them was Smt. Kamla
Razdan, M.A.,L.T. who joined
Education Department
and retired as the Inspector
of Schools, Kanpur in 1970.
Among others are Pt. Bhuvanesh
kaul, son of Professor
J.L. Kaul of Kashmir, who joined
the College of Mining &
Metallurgy, in 1943. He took up
employment in Martin Burn in
Jamshedpur and retired as a senior
executive.
Professor B.B. Dhar came
for B.Sc.(Mining Engg.)
degree in 1956 and joined as
Professor in I960 and became Head of
the Department of Mining. He
was also made Chief Proctor.
Later on he joined Central
Mining Institute of CSIR, Dhanbad as
its Director. Air Vice Marshal
Autar Krishna Zadoo, VSM, did
his M.Sc. (Electronics) in 1963.
He topped in M.Sc. (Prev.) in 1962. He joined the Air Force and retired as Air
Vice Marshal in 1998. He was awarded
Vishisht
Sewa Medal
in 1986.
He is an Aeronautical
Engineering Consultant and lives in Gurgaon.
Air Vice
Marshal Kapil Razdan, BE, also
joined the Air Force and retired as Air Vice Marshal in 2001. He
was
awarded
Vishisht
Sewa
Medal
in 1982.
He now lives in Kanpur.
Pt. Brijnandan Lal Dar, BE, joined National Engineering
Industries Ltd., Jaipur (Birla Group of Industries) and retired as its
Vice-President in Sept, 2006. Pt. Gautam Dar, BE, joined Durgapur Steel plant
and later on he shifted to Hindustan Copper Ltd., District Jhunjhunu, Rajasthan
and retired as Chief Training Engineer. He now lives in Gurgaon.
Pt. Rameshwar
Nath Gurtu son of Pt. Onkar Nath Gurtu (Allahabad) - my cousin - did his B.
Pharma in 1972. He was a good and a popular badminton and cricket player. He
obtained P.G. Diploma in Management from Punjab University, Patiala in
1986. He started as Manufacturing Chemist, Searle India Ltd., Bombay (1972-75)
and after a steady rise as Deputy Production Manager, Indian Drugs &
Pharmaceuticals Ltd., Hyderabad (1975-96), as Production Manager, Cheminor Drugs
Ltd. (Dr. Reddy’s Group), Hyderabad( 1996-99), as Head, Formulation Department,
Granules India Ltd., Hyderabad (1975-96), is now General Manager (Technical), Occean Pharma Coat Pvt. Ltd., Hyderabad. Miss Vijaya Shivpuri, M.A. (Eng.),
M.Ed., Ph.D., is Principal, KFI Vasanta College for Women, Varanasi.
To wind up
the assessment it can be concluded that the role played and the contribution
made by the Kashmiri Pandits without craving for the limelight is a matter of
pride for all of us. This encourages us to aspire and to endevour to attain the
lofty ideals. I close with the couplet of Firaq Gorakhpuri:
Insan Ki taqdeer to koi
taqdeer nahin Taqdeer to
kaumon ki hua karti hai.
Source: Kashmir
Sentinel
|